As an editor I imported scenes into final cut, then I had to screengrabs to show as evidence that I imported the footage. I put them into three separate bins to make it easier for me to access them when i am editing. As an editor i named the three separate bins the three locations then i put all the shots that was linked to that location into that bin. What i did as an editor i looked through each shot in the different bins and i re-named them to say what type of shot it was and if it was a good or bad shot.
In the shots to your left it shows that i have professionally put the footage in three separate bins showing their location and i have also named each shot to show what type of shot it is and if it's good or bad. Whilst i was looking at the shots i had in my mind which shots i would to edit to become a flashback or a twist. Also i was thinking about what would be the master shot and where i would place it in the film. My mind was set on it looking like a thriller by also picking a sound track that will run over the whole footage to create a thriller effect.
As an editor I used EDL because it is easier to send my footage from Excel to the person who will enhance the footage by including special effects and music etc. I managed to create an EDL by clicking on File then Export XML, then I saved the XML file on the desktop then i dragged it into excel so that it would open up as codes and it can tell the person I am sending the EDL to which footage I decided to use. When the person receives the EDL they can double click it to open up Final Cut and the footage is rebuilt so that they can pick up where the previous person left off.
My short film will contain flashbacks and flash forwards on what is happening within the story of the film. The film is non-linear because of the fact my short film doesn't go in chronological order. Also my hook is a twist at the end ti create mystery and suspense.
From my research i can see horror short films don't the amount of views thriller short films receives. I also know that females watch horror/thriller movies more than men because they light the suspense and the build up more then men do.
As you can see to the left the black hole, which was a thriller received 19,606,627 views with 110,964 and 'Jack' which is a horror received 349,255 and 1,585 likes. This proves thriller is more liked then horror because thriller create more suspense and mystery with numerous of jump scares whereas horror has more violence.
From my research Iv'e noticed that the audience that mostly watch thrillers is 18+ because the intensity will be to my for young children because it could cause nightmares. Another reason why females enjoy horror movies more than men is because they love the story behind it. The statics are 36% of men under the age of 35 watch thrillers. 5% of women under the age of 35 watch thrillers and 65% over 35. This is why my web serial is aimed at people who are 18-35.
Also as i was watching the thriller short films i saw what the viewers liked to see more in thrillers therefore i took them into to consider to put into my short film. What i saw in the thrillers were some use of montage to not make it boring therefore it could make the audience think a bit. A lot of flash forwards and flashbacks to tell the story and to show what is going on in the movie.
Plot
3 friends come back from a party an bump into a man who starts to become trouble to the girls and they accidentally kill him and they all get nightmares of a demon attacking them after that night.
My Pitch: The demon within
Three friends wake up tied up to a tree: Shantelle, Adrian and Nicholos. They all are tied up with ropes and ropes around their mouth and they're all covered eith blood and wounds. Shantelle has a flashback of her having a flash forward of all of them getting hurt and theres also a close up of the ring Adrian is wearing. The game is who escapes while running through the woods is free however the demon tortures in evil ways theough this process.
The End
Characters
Adrian
Nicholas
Shantelle
Production Requirements
Type of production - The type of production i will be producing is a thriller which will be a web-serial
Finance: Film producers get their finance through different ways. One of the ways is through their own savings; this benefits them in the long term if their film makes profit successfully. Another way is through investors investigating on a certain part of the money that needs to be paid back after being helpful to produce their movie. For my production i wouldn't need to provide a big amount of money because most of the materials that i will be using will be provided by my college. My only input in money wise would be to provide food for my actors and that will be paid with my personal savings. The transport is already established because me and my actors all have free travel oyster cards.
Budget Requirements: the costs to everything i will be needing for my web-serial will be below
Cameras - Are from £93.99 up to £32,549.46. I would have to purchase one camera as im using a single camera to shoot my web-serial. However in this case i will be booking a camera from my college for free.
Lights and microphone - £54.99-£183.64 for both lights and microphone. It would cost £500 per day to hire a camera man who would sometimes bring their equipment and sometimes not. In this case i wouldn't need to hire anyone because i will be shooting my web-serial myself, also their will be voice overs of my actors voices being recorded over the videos and i will be filming in daylight for most of my film and for the dark scenes will use a flash light to create more suspense.
Editing Suites - These suits can cost £500 per day/hour but in this case i will be using the editing suite that is provided in college.
Talent - to hire talent/talents will cost £500-700, however i will be using my colleagues who take drama as a course, because they will be more professional and they won't ask for any pay.
Crew - In order to hire a crew for a web series would usually cost more than £5, 100. For my web series we will be in a group of 6 and we will split the jobs between us.
Facility hire - the experience to rent an edit suit to have videos edited will cost around £550 per day. In this case i will be using the schools editing suit for free.
Time
This part of the media industry is very important, time and scheduling is everything in the media world. It's all important because you have deadlines to meet and if you don't meet the deadlines you would have to spend more money, For an example if you have booked a editing suit for 2 days which is £1,000 and your deadline was to finish editing the videos within those 2 days given but you haven't finished and you need an extra day you have to pay another £500 and then everything else will have to be pushed forward; different deadlines will have to be made and it will waste a good amount of time and money.
The most time i will be filming is on weekends as i am occupied within the week and so are my actors because we have college. Two - three weeks would be a good amount of filming and editing time considering we can get some done within the week in spare hours. The extra props the my college wouldn't supply will be coming out of my personal savings but they will be at a cheap price.
Materials
Clearance is paying for copyrighted materials to used e.g music tracks/ sounds. For every time a copyrighted material is shown on another show the owner of the material gets paid a certain amount of money in order for them to use their material, which ranges from £50 upwards depends on how much was negotiated. Because of the fact this is a college project we won't have to pay for the use of other sound track, however for my web serial my plan is to create my own original sounds due to the fact i and most people know how to use Logic Pro X. Also we have access to non copyrighted sound from youtube which is a free download and example of this will be below
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZOrxwqvfD2E
In order that i have my equipment on time and to make sure i will get it i will book from advance.
Crew and personnel
Te availability of personals I'm going to be doing this project with 2 or 3 other people so the roles of the production will split amongst us, for actors we will be gathering talents from our college and outside our college that also take a drama course. However in the real world auditions will be taken place to get actors and this will cost the production crew money as they will have to rent out a location in order for the auditions to take place.
The people i will be hiring will be listed below:
A camera man who will be in charge of the camera and responsible for the filming
Editor who will edit and put shot in order from the camera in to a story
Sound Engineer who will be in charge of the sound from the ambient sound to non ambient sound
Director who will direct the whole plot and i will be the producer
Location
The majority of our shots will be filmed in a local area, so around Sidcup/Kent and we ill need a permit from the Kent council in order to film in particular places, when the weather is not suitable we have two options, we can either use the weather to set a mood in the series or film it in that condition and edit the footage to make it look better and clearer. The location of where we are going to shoot the footage won't be far from the crew members houses.
Most materials will be provided by my college but the rest will be coming out of my personal savings and will be booked of a booking company for a certain period of time. The BBFC won't regulate my web series as thy only regulate movies and cinematic shows and theater shows.
Facilities
Production Equipment: equipment such as cameras, lights and
other things can be booked for free form the college. But in a real life situation it will cost
around £1000 to get a camera man alone cost around 500 pounds that's half of the money gone already therefore it's not cheap.
Post- production equipment: edit suite can be booked for £550 a day and this suites will contain macs which will run the software
Final cut x which is the software that will be used to edit our shots. I will
be using the editing suites in school as they have free access.
In early cinema editing developed and influenced the modern because continuity has become the most dominant one out of montage and continuity.
There is a huge difference between Continuity and montage, because continuity is more a like a mainstream of normality, it focuses on the drama and the story along with other things such as time and space, closed ending, therefore the film could be straight forward with a beginning middle and end and the audience will know that the movie has finished, using continuity editing by telling a linear narrative such as horror/thriller and above all this it doesn't make the audience think.
Montage is an alternative way that will make the audience think and become confused because it is deliberately breaking continuity with jump cuts to show supernatural actions, along with flashbacks, open endings, therefore the film will end in a cliff hanger and the audience won't know if the film has ended therefore it leaves the audience unsatisfied, it's more challenging to follow and it's all done for an artistic reason, to create emotions.
This all started because there was a war between the USR and USA which was being represented by Griffith and Eisenstein. Now today continuity is being used more because the audience doesn't always want to think, they would want to enjoy the movie alone, however there is a some sign on montage to make the film interesting and exciting.
Continuity is still used today in movies such as 180 degree rule, match on action, shot reverse shot, point of view shots, cutaways, seamless editing, motivated shot and cross cutting but the edits are invisible. In the movie ride along in the scene where Kevin Hart got shot there is 180 degree rules used at 1.47 to show that the two characters are having a conversation. You will see this example below.
Montage and discontinuity techniques developed from early to modern to challenge continuity because it all started with Griffith. Griffith always wanted to be a writer and after Porter hired him to be one of his actors for his film Griffith submitted his script to porter in 1908, however Porter rejected it because it would of taken a good amount of time to do and it would of need a lot resources. On the other hand Edison took in Griffiths as one of his actors. Then further on in time he became a director and directed a film called 'Birth of nations'
Griffith is the person who discovered continuity. Griffith discovered the 18- degree rule by a trial an error and with every other technique of continuity he discovered through a trial and error and then found out which scenes it would go well with. He used close ups and other different type of shots, also cross-cutting. In a film he produced called 'The lonely Villa' in 1909 he used tension; built up the tension by increasing the tempo of the cuts up to the climax. Griffith was remembered by the discovery of continuity, however he wasn't remembered by the discovery of increasing the pace to create climax (pace of editing) You will see an example of this below. Continuity was mainstream and had a story line. It was for entertainment and for the audience to enjoy, but montage was the opposite.
Eisenstein was the master of montage. He wanted the audience to think hard when they was watching the films instead of just watching it for entertainment as the USA did. Eisenstein and Griffith was at war because Griffith discovered continuity when the audience doesn't have to think because he tried to make it look like the film hasn't been edited. It came to an disappointment for Eisenstein because he lost the war between continuity and montage, whereas we can only use montage to an extent because the audience will eventually become bore by keep on having to think every time they watch a film.
Eisenstein and Kuleshov made films from propaganda. Kuleshov had a technique called the Kuleshov effect which was taking a close up then taking another shot straight after that can completely change the whole meaning and have a different story this is used to make the audience think of the meaning behind the shot.
There are 5 different type of montages such as rhythmic, metric, tonal, over tonal and intellectual. Rhythmic montage is when the beat/music matches the scene or the action. For an example in the movie Psycho in the killing scene with the woman in the shower, the tempo of the music speeds up because he's striking her with the knife, and the music is screeching because of the attack that is happening. Metric montage is when you long shots and the action is cutting to the beat. For an example in karate kid each time they hit each other it would be in time with the beat. Tonal and over tonal montage is a contrast within the shots such as lighting to show us what the character is going through, and to give the audience an idea of what the character is thinking. For and example in 'The age of innocence' 1993 the character sees the sun reflecting on the glass and each time that happens it reminds him of happy memories in the past, it's called nostalgic reverie. Intellectual montage is concerning ideas for ideological concept which will make you think. An example of this would be 'North by northwest' 1959 the train interpretates the the character is about to have sex. Another example would be in the movie 'They live' 1998 because the sunglasses makes the audience think that aliens have taken over the world because each time the character puts them on everything is different. In strike it's also intellectual montage because the slaughter of the bull gives it a metaphor for the treatment of workers who are hardworking but helpless; all controlled by merciless authorities. The reason why this is all used is because he wanted it to look more artistic.
They didn't what movies to be about entertainment, they wanted the audience to the think and become confused about what is happening on screen.
Contemporary editing uses alternative (montage) techniques as well. For an example in the movies 'Royal Tenenbaums' they use jump cuts when he is shaving his beard and cutting his hair. They use jump cuts to make the audience think. The jump cuts reflect on the character; it shows that that the character is unsteady. You will see the example below of the scene.
Montage and Discontinuity:
Montage and Discontinuity has many effects to keep its purpose in favour of stylistic use such as showing in non-linear structures, reverse chronological orders etc. A technique that is mostly used for demonstrating discontinuity are jump-cuts and motivated. The purpose of this is to tell a story and create meaning. This is used for stylistic use because the use of a jump-cut can confuse the audience on purpose to make them think.
For example, the movie 'Fight Club' uses many discontinuous techniques, however an example of a technique that is used for purpose and meaning is jump-cuts.
In the scene shown, it shows the character standing in the middle of the scene as time passes by. A jump-cut is used when a man appears in the background and then disappears. The use of a jump-cut makes it seem confusing because at one point he is gone, and then the next scene he disappears.
I believe that montage and discontinuity haven't lost their purpose and meaning. It's not strictly making the audience think anymore, however it's being used with continuity to still make the audience think but not most of the time. It's still used for its purpose to make the audience think such as with jump cuts but nowadays it doesn't leave the audience thinking because mainly continuity is used. Montage still has it's purpose and meaning but in more of a stylistic way to make it look interesting and entertaining instead of making the audience think all the time and leaving them unsatisfied.
Montage was used by Hitchcock and Godard. Hitchcock created a well known thriller called Psycho. He used a technique called moviola which was a well know method in the 1960's. He used transitions in his shots such as jump cuts and rhythmic montage.
He uses rhythmic montage when the man is killing her the music becomes faster and violent to mirror his violent actions. Also the drain goes in to a shot of a close up of her eye showing that she is dying whilst looking at the audience. The drain represents her life going down the drain also because her blood was going down the drain.
The biggest film Goddard made was called 'breathless' and he appreciated Hitchcock's films. He was a director and a producer; within this film he also used something called moviola that was around in the 1960's. He edited his films on this and deliberately had unconventional jump cuts to deliberately make the audience think of the meaning behind it. In 1960's feminism was around, racism etc and in the 1960's was when everything was pulled apart by people who didn't agree with the old system, such as no sex before marriage. In the trailer it has a woman in her underwear and this wasn't something that was allowed before, therefore there is a lot of changes within society in that time.
Also it contains a lot of jump cuts and they are chasing he to left and right which means it's deliberately designed to break continuity. This is unscripted because Godard saw it as natural therefore they improvised with their words.
However Kubrick, Nolan and Tarantino wanted to make it artistic. Kubrick made film called 'space odyssey' and had a variety of effects in it and he also created the shining Spartacus. He was also a director as well and directed many films. In one of his films he referred to the jump cuts in breathless therefore he was influenced by what the French was doing in the 1960's and he was bringing it to Hollywood. Hollywood made montage artistic; something that the French didn't like. Kubrick was doing this because of the fact he wanted to be artistic. There was a shot where a monkey was throwing a bone then the shot changed to in space this proves he was doing it in an arty way.
Nolan uses montage in an artistic style for entertainment in Hollywood. The french wasn't annoyed because they respected Hitchcock but they wanted to keep it authentic and for it not to be all about entertainment, just wanted people to think about their movies, they was worried because they thought they was taking the artistic value for montage and the original purpose of it.
Nolan uses discontinuous editing in the most of his films, he also uses cross cutting in his movies to build suspense towards the climax. Nolan also tells his stories in a non-linear narrative through discontinuous editing style of element. In his editing he tricks the audience to make them confused on what is happening. The movies feature timelines that are edited together but just color different timelines.
The prestige is a movie that Nolan directed and in the scene that is shown below the tempo is slow at the beginning to draw tension to the situation. There was a wide view to show the atmosphere but it doesn't follow the action shots because it keeps swapping to him in the magician and he has a voice over explaining what is happening at the time.
Tarantino is a film director, producer, screen writer, photographer and actor. The films he was known for were Reservoir Dogs, Pulp fiction, Jackie Brown, Kill bill and Inglorious bastards. Tarantino used montage to create and artistic effect. In Pulp fiction he uses close ups and the tempo slows down with the rhythm because Tarantino wanted to create tension; using close ups to show their facial expressions to show that they are nervous on what is going to happen.
Pulp Fiction is a movie that Tarantino made and directed. The scene when the girl has past out the pace is slow because they want it to be more dramatic and they want the audience to be engaged within what is happening on screen. He also uses close ups to show their facial expressions to show that they are nervous about the situation that is happening.
The new wave sent out to break continuity because it's not what they wanted movies to be they wanted to make the audience think and no entertainment and that's exactly what continuity was giving. Alternative techniques are noticeable to the audience, for example jump cuts; the audience can clearly see this technique being used, however continuity hides the editing therefore the audience won't notice them such as match on action, 180 degree rule and that is what the new wave didn't like.
Political reasons why continuity became more dominant over montage:
Montage and discontinuity- Purpose and Stylistic use:
Advantage
Disadvantage
Cross Cutting This video above is a video for cross cutting. Cross cutting was invented by Edwin S. Porter in early cinema. However, Goddard liked the technique and decided to develop the technique further. What is a cross cutting? A cross cut is a technique where two shots are taking place in two different locations, but when they are edited, they are edited to show the audience that these two events where taking place at the same time.
Shot reverse shot Shot Reverse shot is, involves two characters having a conversation. You would have one character looking at the other, then we would have a reverse shot from that characters point of view. This is also known as continuity editing.The purpose of using short reverse shot to see character face whilst talking instead focusing on one character when talking, by this you can see their emotions whentalking and makes more interesting.
Seamless editing Seamless editing or also known as invisible editing is when the cuts matches with the action. This means that there is no editing involved at all just cuts in between shots so it matches the action of what is happening in the film in a certain scene and continues to have the flow without breaking or ruining it but this certain technique was used by D.W Griffith.
Shots changes based on the tempo of music been played so therefore the shots changes according to the tempo of the music. This technique is used to pass time. It was invented by esiestein.
Match on Action is form of continuity editing, it is cutting to shot then cutting to another shot to build up the action. Match on Action is used to get the audience attentions and it also creates drama and excitement. D.W. Griffiths stared to investigate the match on action 180 degree rule and found out some interesting fact on where to place the camera so it does not break the 180 degree rule. it develop by directors trying and finally go it right. Till this day on wards directors have been using match on action and the 180 degree rules sign of continuity editing.
Eye-Line match: This is when two shots are lined up from a eye line match. This works when you put two cameras in a similar position around the same axis, You would put this in the same position. An eye line shot is also when the camera shows someone looking at something and then then the camera switches to the object or thing the person was looking at. The purpose of this is so that the audience want t know what the character is looking at. Lev Kuleshov uses an example of an eye-line shot in his Kuleshov effect video. However, the person that was known for discovering this or using this the most was Alfred Hitchcock who used this most frequently in his film.
Motivated: A motivated edit or motivated cut as it is also known, is when the scene cuts to another scene or object that was not in the previous frame. This is done in a discreet manner so it does not seem confusing to the audience or break the illusion of continuity. i.e. 180 degree rule. The purpose of a motivated edit is usually to build suspense, show a conversation between characters, or flashbacks. This is effective because it lets the audience know what had happened in the past. Modern Example: The Usual Suspects In the opening scene to this movie, a motivated edit is used to create a flashback. This means that the camera would cut back to a previous scene or edit that has been showed vaguely or not at all.
Point of view shot The Point Of View shot is used here, it is done to show the current events taking place from one characters perspective. It is done to see the events from the eyes of the character.
Continuity
Continuity - A sequence of shots done to entertain the audience, to create a story in a linear sequence. It was invented by D.W Griffiths, through trial as error, as he would try something out and see if it worked. Continuity came from the US, fighting between them and Soviet Russia, who created montage, continuity proved more popular with audiences as it was just done to entertain the audience, unlike montage, which is designed to make the audience think.
There is a huge difference between Continuity and montage, because continuity is more a like a mainstream of normality, it focuses on the drama and the story along with other things such as time and space, closed ending, therefore the film could be straight forward with a beginning middle and end and the audience will know that the movie has finished, using continuity editing by telling a linear narrative such as horror/thriller and above all this it doesn't make the audience think.
Montage is an alternative way that will make the audience think and become confused because it is deliberately breaking continuity with jump cuts to show supernatural actions, along with flashbacks, open endings, therefore the film will end in a cliff hanger and the audience won't know if the film has ended therefore it leaves the audience unsatisfied, it's more challenging to follow and it's all done for an artistic reason, to create emotions.
This all started because there was a war between the USR and USA which was being represented by Griffith and Eisenstein. Now today continuity is being used more because the audience doesn't always want to think, they would want to enjoy the movie alone, however there is a some sign on montage to make the film interesting and exciting.
Visual Decay starts off with slow creepy music to create tension then it has a lot of close ups to the things he is doing such as putting his shirt on, putting his tie on and putting his gloves on to bring in the audience attention to what he is doing. It also has a jump cut when he is putting on his glove to show that he isn't normal. This is montage editing because it makes you think.
Having off colour socks on shows he is not steady and not well
This is a mid shot of the man with a box over his head and three pictures behind him of something will be explaining about in the next shot. This is montage because it makes the audience think more deeper and wonder why does he have a box over his head.
At 1:12 we have jump cuts show that he isn't normal therefore he could be demonic or supernatural, because of these jump cuts the audience will think that. The fact that when the jump cuts are happening a man on TV is talking however the man's voice isn't jump cutting or cutting off at any point through the jump cuts which proves to the audience the character is demonic.
To show his mood there is numerous of jump cuts when he is shaking his head. First it shows at a mid shot then switches to different angles to view both sides of his head then goes back to mid shot.
Here is a close up on the face that has been drawn on the box to make the audience think why is that happening or is that really his facial expressions. Also the close up is to show that their is no holes through the eyes therefore he cant see through it. There is no holes in the box for him to breather, so it makes the audience think is this character human.
There is a high angle of the box showing that there is an 'X' mark at the top of it which resembles danger or target.
We have a close up of the photos on the wall behind him. The photos are of other TV's probably from the past. There are extreme close ups on the images but they don't do an extreme close up on the TV that is smashed, therefore the character probably breaks the TV when he sees a channel that makes him angry.
The narrative of this is that he will repeat the whole thing the next day because i think what evr show the TV cuts out on he has to stay with that emotion for the rest of the day, therefore if it lands on a happy show he will get his features back, however it's always ending on a sad show which causes him to break the TV sometimes.
This short film is montage editing because it deliberately breaks continuity because it's challenging it makes the audience think, it's not just for entertainment. The audience feels unsatisfied by the ending because it's an open ending, therefore they don't know what is going to happen next. Also because it had numerous of jump cuts in there.
Nolan uses montage in an artistic style for entertainment in Hollywood. The french wasn't annoyed because they respected Hitchcock but they wanted to keep it authentic and for it not to be all about entertainment, just wanted people to think about their movies, they was worried because they thought they was taking the artistic value for montage and the original purpose of it.
Nolan uses discontinuous editing in the most of his films, he also uses cross cutting in his movies to build suspense towards the climax. Nolan also tells his stories in a non-linear narrative through discontinuous editing style of element. In his editing he tricks the audience to make them confused on what is happening. The movies feature timelines that are edited together but just color different timelines.
Tarantino is a film director, producer, screen writer, photographer and actor. The films he was known for were Reservoir Dogs, Pulp fiction, Jackie Brown, Kill bill and Inglorious bastards. Tarantino used montage to create and artistic effect. In Pulp fiction he uses close ups and the tempo slows down with the rhythm because Tarantino wanted to create tension; using close ups to show their facial expressions to show that they are nervous on what is going to happen.
1. Inglorious Bastards
Inglorious Bastards was made by Tarantino. This scene manipulates time because it goes back in time like flashbacks to show who Hugo Stieglitz is.It also creates motivation when he calls his name in prison. In the image below he uses high angles show that he is weak and helpless and the person who is higher than him is more dominant.
2. Death Proof
Death proof was made by Tarantino. At the beginning when the three girls was chasing after the man in the car the tempo was increased because it was a chase; along with the music which also increased as well because the pace got faster because it was a chase. It manipulated space because the space between them was very little when they was attacking him.
As an editor I imported scenes into final cut, then I had to screengrabs to show as evidence that I imported the footage. I put them into three separate bins to make it easier for me to access them when i am editing. As an editor i named the three separate bins the three locations then i put all the shots that was linked to that location into that bin. What i did as an editor i looked through each shot in the different bins and i re-named them to say what type of shot it was and if it was a good or bad shot.
In the shots to your left it shows that i have professionally put the footage in three separate bins showing their location and i have also named each shot to show what type of shot it is and if it's good or bad. Whilst i was looking at the shots i had in my mind which shots i would to edit to become a flashback or a twist. Also i was thinking about what would be the master shot and where i would place it in the film. My mind was set on it looking like a thriller by also picking a sound track that will run over the whole footage to create a thriller effect.
